Which theory holds that development is influenced by resolving conflicts at various ages?

The psychodynamic theory is centered on the idea that human development is shaped by the resolution of internal conflicts and drives that arise at various stages of life. This theoretical framework, pioneered by Sigmund Freud, posits that individuals encounter specific conflicts and challenges at different age periods, often related to their psychological and emotional needs.

For example, during early childhood, a child may face conflicts surrounding attachment and dependence on caregivers, which Freud categorized into different psychosexual stages, including the oral and anal stages. Successfully navigating these conflicts is thought to contribute to healthy psychological development, while unresolved conflicts can lead to psychological issues in adulthood.

Unlike psychodynamic theory, behaviorism focuses primarily on observable behavior and environmental factors, emphasizing reinforcement and punishment rather than internal conflicts. Cognitive theory involves understanding mental processes such as thinking and memory, placing less emphasis on emotional conflict resolution. Ecological theory looks at the various environmental systems that influence development, rather than focusing on individual psychological conflicts.

Thus, the core principle of psychodynamic theory is that the experiences and conflicts individuals face at different ages play a crucial role in shaping their personality and behaviors throughout their lives.