Which process in the SOC model focuses on minimizing losses while maximizing gains?

The correct choice highlights the concept of optimization, which is central to the SOC (Selection, Optimization, Compensation) model in developmental psychology. This model, developed by Paul Baltes and his colleagues, emphasizes how individuals manage their resources to achieve their goals, particularly as they age.

Optimization specifically refers to the process of enhancing performance by allocating one's resources (such as time, energy, and effort) toward activities that provide the greatest returns or benefits. In practical terms, this means identifying the most effective strategies to maximize positive outcomes or gains, often by focusing on strengths or honing skills in specific areas. By emphasizing optimization, individuals can mitigate the effects of losses or limitations they may face due to aging or other changes, efficiently enhancing their overall well-being and effectiveness.

In this context, while selection involves choosing specific goals to pursue, and compensation refers to the strategies employed to counterbalance losses, it is optimization that directly links minimizing losses with maximizing gains by strategically investing resources in the most beneficial endeavors.