What is meant by the exosystem in the context of ecological systems?

The concept of the exosystem within ecological systems theory, as proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, refers to the broader social systems that do not directly involve the individual but still have an indirect influence on their development. This can include aspects such as a parent's workplace, community services, and school board policies. These factors shape the environment in which the individual lives and can significantly affect their development, even though the individual does not directly interact with them.

For example, if a parent experiences stress from their job, this can indirectly affect their relationship with their child, influencing the child's development due to the changes in parental behavior or availability. Thus, the exosystem plays a crucial role in situating individuals within larger contexts that impact their growth and experiences over time. Understanding the exosystem helps in recognizing the indirect pathways through which various societal factors can shape an individual's life.