What are the four parenting styles identified by Baumrind?

The four parenting styles identified by Baumrind are indeed authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful. Each of these styles reflects different approaches to child-rearing and has distinct characteristics and effects on child development.

Authoritative parenting is characterized by high responsiveness and high demands. Parents are supportive and nurturing, offering clear rules and guidelines while also allowing for autonomy and open communication. This style tends to lead to positive outcomes in children, including social competence and self-regulation.

Authoritarian parenting, on the other hand, is marked by high demands and low responsiveness. Parents who adopt this style impose strict rules and expect obedience, often without providing the rationale behind them or allowing input from the child. This can lead to children developing lower self-esteem and social skills.

Permissive parenting features high responsiveness but low demands. Parents who use this style are indulgent, often allowing children significant freedom and not enforcing many rules. While children may feel loved and accepted, they might struggle with self-discipline and authority.

Neglectful parenting is characterized by low demands and low responsiveness. This style is often associated with a lack of involvement in the child's life, resulting in significant developmental issues, including emotional and behavioral problems.

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