In Vygotsky's theory, what does scaffolding refer to?

Scaffolding, as described in Vygotsky's theory, refers to the tailored support provided to learners to help them achieve a higher level of understanding or skill than they would be able to accomplish independently. This concept emphasizes the importance of guided interaction and support from more knowledgeable individuals—such as teachers, parents, or peers—who assist learners by building on their existing capabilities. By adapting the assistance based on the individual needs of the learner, scaffolding fosters an environment in which learners can gradually develop their problem-solving abilities and critical thinking skills, helping them reach their potential through a process that is responsive and dynamic.

This approach not only emphasizes the provision of support but also encourages independence as the learner's capabilities grow, allowing them to take on more complex tasks with less assistance over time. In this context, scaffolding is crucial for facilitating the learning process within a social context, highlighting Vygotsky's focus on the interplay between social interaction and cognitive development.